In bed /at home

Можно сказать, что кто-то in bed (в кровати)/in hospital (в больнице)/in prison (в тюрьме):

Mark isn't up yet. He's still in bed.
Kay's mother is in the hospital.

Можно сказать, что кто-то  at home/at work/at school/at university/at college:

I'll be at work until 5.30 but I'll be at home all evening.
Julia is studying chemistry at university. 

Также at sea (= on a voyage). Сравните at sea и in the sea:

It was a long voyage. We were at sea for 30 days.
I love swimming in the sea.

At a party (на вечеринке)/at a concert (на концерте)

Обычно говорят что кто-то at an event -события (at a party (на вечеринке)/at a conference (на конференции)):

Were there many people at the party/at the meeting?
I saw Jack at a football match/at a concert last Saturday.

In and at для зданий

In или at со зданиями. Например, you can eat in a restaurant (в ресторане) or at a restaurant. We usually say at when we say where an event takes place (for example, a concert, a film, a party, a meeting, a sports event):

We went to a concert at the Royal Festival Hall.
The meeting took place at the company's headquarters.
The film I want to see is showing at the Odeon (cinema).

At the station (на сотановке)/at the airport (в аэропорту):

Говорят: at the station/at the airport:

Don't meet me at the station. I can get a taxi.
At somebody's house.(у кого-либо дома)

Говорят: at somebody's house:

I was at Judy's house last night. or I was at Judy's last night.
Also: at the doctor's, at the hairdresser's etc.

Мы используем in когда имеем ввиду само здание:

The rooms in Judy's house are very small. (not 'at Judy's house')
I enjoyed the film but it was very cold in the cinema. (not 'at the cinema')

In and at for towns

Обычно мы употребляем in с cities (городами), towns (небольшими городками) и villages (деревнями):

Tom's parents live in Nottingham. (not 'at Nottingham')
The Louvre is a famous art museum in Paris. (not 'at Paris') 

Но at или in могут употребляться, когда мы подразумеваем место или станцию (остановку):

Do you know if this train stops at (or in) Nottingham? (=at Nottingham station).
We stopped at (or in) a small village on the way to London.

On a bus/in a car

Обычно говорят on a bus (на автобусе)/on a train (на поезде)/on a plane (на самолете)/on a ship (на корабле), но  in a car ( в машине)/in a taxi (в такси):

The bus was very full. There were too many people on it.
George arrived in a taxi.

Мы говорим on a bicycle/on a motorcycle/on a horse:

Mary passed me on her bicycle.

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