Как образуется и при каких условия пассивный залог рассмотрим в данной теме.
Passive voice
Образование: Переходные и непереходные глаголы
Какие глаголы имеют только одну пассивную форму
Образование пассивного залога с глаголами за которыми следуют предлоги
Формирование пассивного предложения
Пассивная форма образуется на основе времен активного залога, иначе говоря, пассивный залог работает по правилам активного залога, но имеет другую форму образования, например:
| Времена глагола | Active voice | Passive voice | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present simple |
notice(s) Miranda notices his brother that he is thinking of calling his mum. |
are/am/is noticed I'm noticed (by Miranda) that he is thinking of calling his mum. |
|
| Past simple |
noticed Miranda noticed his brother that he was calling his mum. |
were/was noticed I was noticed (by Miranda) that he was calling his mum. |
|
| Present perfect |
has/have noticed Miranda has noticed his brother that he is calling his mum. |
has/have been noticed I have been noticed (by Miranda) that he is calling his mum. |
|
| Past perfect |
had noticed Miranda had already noticed his brother that he was calling his mum. |
had been noticed I had already been noticed (by Miranda) that he was calling his mum. |
|
| Present continuous |
am/is/are noticing Miranda is always noticing his brother that he is calling his mum. |
are/is/ being noticed I am always being noticed (by Miranda) that he is calling his mum. |
|
| Past continuous |
were/was noticing Miranda was always noticing his brother that he was calling his mum. |
was/were being noticed I was always being noticed (by Miranda) that he was calling his mum. |
|
| Future simple |
will notice I will tell Miranda that he is calling his mum. |
will be noticed Miranda will be noticed (by his brother) that he is calling his mum. |
|
| Future perfect |
will have noticed By tomorrow I will have noticed Miranda that he is calling his mum. |
will have been noticed By tomorrow Miranda will have been noticed that he is calling his mum. |
|
| Present perfect continuous (rare in passive) |
has/have been noticing Miranda has been noticing his brother for ages that he is calling his mum. |
has/have been being noticed I have been being noticed (by Miranda) for ages that he is calling his mum. |
Образование: Переходные и непереходные глаголы
To be + глагол в третьей форме (для глаголов неправильной формы) или окончание –ed (для глаголов правильной формы). За переходными глаголами следует объект могут иметь пассивную форму:
The documentary film surprised us? — We were deeply surprised by the documentary film.
За непереходными глаголами не следует объект и таким образом, не имеют пассивную форму. Например:
Marry was walking for hours the other day.
The relatives of mine are gradually disappearing from my view in the mountain.
Хорошие словари скажут вам, являются ли переходными и непереходными.
Переходные и непереходные глаголы в разных временных структурах
а) Однако многие глаголы могут быть использованы в разных временных структурах и без объектов - то есть, они могут быть и непереходными и переходными и . Сравните:
Is Vera meeting me at the tram station? (transitive)
Am I being met at the metro station? (passive)
When will they meet? (intransitive; no passive possible)
b) Глаголы, за которыми следует либо существительное (дополнение) + существительное (косвенное дополнение) или существительное + существительное с предлогом в главном предложении может быть две соответствующие пассивные формы . Какую выбрать пассивную форму; зависит от более подходящего конкретного контекста. Сравните:
| Активный | Пассивный |
|---|---|
| Victor gave Marcus the pen. Victor gave the pen to Marcus. |
Marcus was given the pen. The pen was handed to Marcus. |
Другие глаголы, как это включают
| Слово | Перевод |
|---|---|
| Throw | бросать |
| tell | сказать |
| teach | учить |
| sell | продать |
| promise | обещать |
| offer | предложить |
| lend | сдавать в аренду |
| give | дать |
Какие глаголы имеют только одну пассивную форму?
Однако глаголы , за которыми не могут употребляться существительное + существительное в активном залоге имеет только одну пассивную форму:
Marcus carefully demonstrated the fresher the trick schemes. Х
Marcus carefully demonstrated the trick schemes to the fresher. √
The fresher were carefully demonstrated the trick schemes. Х
The trick schemes were carefully demonstrated to the fresher √
Другие глаголы, как эти:
| Слово | Перевод |
|---|---|
| Suggest | предложить |
| report | доложить |
| mention | упомянуть |
| introduce | ввести |
| explain | объяснить |
| demonstrate | продемонстрировать |
| described | описывать |
Образование пассивного залога с глаголами за которыми следуют предлоги
Мы можем образовать пассивную форму переходных глаголов c двумя и тремя предлогами. Сравните:
Victor and Marcus were talking Veronica's cousins into throwing the party. (= V + object + preposition)
и
Veronica's cousins are being talked throwing the party by Victor and Marcus.
Veronica always gives over the whole bags of books Veronica's cousins from Romania. (= V + adverb + object +preposition)
